【英文简介】

This monograph is on first-instance civil judgments in China from a Chinese proceduralist in global context. I hope it may contribute a little bit for foreigners to understanding the Chinese civil justice and civil judgments.

Judgments, as the final judicial products which affect the legal relationship between both parties or even multiple parties, provide desirable objects to observe and can evaluate the service of judicial proceedings and the protection of parties’ procedural rights. And since judgments are in most cases regarded as the default termination of any civil litigation, there is no need to argue for a comparative study on this topic which has already inspired Chinese doctrines and the newest reforms. One of the aims of such research is to modernize Chinese civil justice considering the experience of leading legal counterparts.

Next to the theoretical analysis, this book intends to introduce empirical data in China to the English literature, which could provide a vivid illustration for legal researchers to be better informed about the Chinese legal system and its version of rule of law. In other words, this monograph would like to describe the real judicial practice in China and summarize how Chinese lawyers understand and facilitate the production of civil judgments.

As discussed in numerous places through this contribution, it is believed that the more established legal research with Chinese characteristics should be based on the typical practice and common understanding in Chinese context. And the expected research should go further to locate the functional difference between Chinese practice and comparative experience and inquire whether the procedural safeguards for realizing substantive rights in China have reached the extent consistent with the requirements according to principles of civil procedure. On one hand, the proceduralists have to discover the real situation of the typical foreign legal experience. On the other hand, it is necessary to well prepare for a set of more systematic procedural rules with clearly identified elements, and incorporate the discussion on procedural ideology into the interpretation of current legal institutions.

【中文简介】

本书的研究对象是中国的第一审民事判决，旨在从全球视角出发，向国际读者介绍中国的民事司法和民事判决。判决作为最终的司法产品，影响着双方或多方之间的法律关系，成为观察和评估司法程序服务和保护当事人程序权利的理想工具。实体判决常常被视为结束民事诉讼的默认方式，本书由此切入、面向中国民事司法的现代化，强调加以比较研究和域外借鉴的意义。

除了理论分析外，本书还意图向国际同行介绍中国的实证数据，为法律研究者提供生动的例证，使其更好地了解中国法律制度与法治。换句话说，这本专著希望描述中国真实的司法实践，并总结中国法律人如何理解甚至促成好的民事判决。

除第一章的简介外，本书包括以下十章的内容：实务中的中国民事判决例示；中国的民事判决：结构、说理与改革；法律适用：实体权利的依据、法律规范的引用及方法论问题；事实认定：民事诉讼中具有决定性的书证及其证明力；证明责任：解决真伪不明问题的中国方案；终局判决的效力（1）：既决事实的预决效；终局判决的效力（2）：既判力的范围及可能的排除效；一审判决中显然错误的更正；民事判决的背景环境与程序安排；在线争议解决的挑战：新可能与边界。

正如本书中多次提到的，本书的写作源自我国实务中的典型做法和通常理解，同时希望更进一步，寻找我国实践与比较经验之间的功能性差异，追问我国对实体权利实现的程序保障是否达到与民事诉讼原理相符的程度。这一方面需要挖掘典型外国法经验的真实状况，另一方面则需要更多尝试深耕我国程序法规范的体系化和要件化方案，将诉讼理念探讨落实在制度解释论上。

作者简介：

曹志勋，3354cc金沙集团长聘副教授，博士生导师。主要研究领域：民事诉讼法学，证据法，强制执行法学，纠纷解决（含商事仲裁），民法与民诉法交叉研究，比较法学和司法制度（德国、美国、英国、日本等）。

曹志勋 著： Civil Judgments at First Instance: Comparative Experience and Chinese Solution, Springer, 2025